Flying-machine.



M. G. ADAMS.

FLYING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED DBO. 5, 190e,

Patented Aug. 2, 1910.

4 BHBBTE-SHBET l.

WITNESS/ES Hmm/frs M. G. ADAMS. FLYING MACHINE.

APPLIOATION FILED DEO. 5, 1908.

Patented Aug.

4 SHEETE-SHBET 2.

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WITNESSES A TTUHNE )"S M. G. ADAMS.

FLYING MACHINE.

APPLIGATION FILED DB0. 5, 190s.

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FLYING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED DEU. 5, 190s.

Patented Aug. 2, i910.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

W/ TNE SSE S MMIV/f@ ATTORNEYS 'iirirrn salinas MALGGLM @ROVER ADAMS, 0F PARSONS,

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Specification of Letters Bateiit.

Patented Aug. 2, icio.

Application lled December 5, 1908.' Serial No. 466,096.

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, MALooLM This invention relates to dying machines,

and more particularly to an aeroplane vor heavier-than-air flying machine, in which the supporting surfaces consist of a plurality of superposed concave domes l arranged in pairs and connected by links so that the u perv domes are movable relatively to t e lower domes, the adjustment of the upper domes consisting simultaneously in a fore and aft movement, and a tilting movement with respect to the lower domes, to vary the head resistance, the machine includino' suitable mechanism for controlling the domes, and propelling means for advancing the ma"- chine in the air.

An objectof the invention is to provide a simple,.durable and efficient heavier-than-air ying machine, which. can beeasily steered both on the ground and in the air, and in which the same mechanism can bev used for steering it under both conditions.

A further object of 4the invention is to provide a flying machine which can be driven by any` suitable form of motor, which can be maneuvered easily while in the air, which is vat all times under the control of the operator, and which hasa suitable running gear toA permit the machine to travel upon the ground.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a. machine 'of the .class described comprising a pluralit of superposed domes which are downwar lyl concave and have any suitable curvature, which are relatively movable with respect to one another so that they can be adjusted to alter the head resistance as well as to alter-the lift, andin which the planes are arranged to minimize sideslip or slridcling when the machine is turning in one direction or the other.

The invention consistsiii the construction combination of parte to he more fully f scribed hereinafter and particularly set the claims. we erence is to be had to Ythe accompany- GRovER' ADAMS, a citizen of the United States, land a ing drawings forming a part of this specification, in which similar'characters of reference Aindicate corres ending parts in all the views, and in which-'- Figure 1 is a side elevation oan embodiment of my flying machine showing certain parts in different positions'in dotted outline; Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the machine; Fig. 3 is' a plan view showin fabric or other surface material lremoved om one of the domes to disclose the frame-work thereof; Fig. 4 is an enlarged sideelevation showing part of the dome controlling mechanism;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged longitudinal section showing the steering mechanism; Fig. 6 is an enlarged transverse section showing the steering mechanism; and Fig. l is an enlarged front elevationv :showing a detail partly in section. i

Before proceeding to a more detailed eX,-

planation of my invention, it should be clearly understood that the term domes is used to designate aeroplanes or supporting surfaceswhich are downwardly concave,y

that is, in the fri of an inverted rounded bowl' 'or similar body. The curvature of these domes may be of an suitable kind. They may for example, e spherical or parabolic, and preferably have the rims lying in iiat planes. The domes vare arranged in pairs, the domes of 'each pair being superposed, and .the pairs being arranged side by side transversely oftlielon- V.gitudina-l axis of the machinefthatis, transversely of the direction of the Hight of the machine. The corresponding domes 'of the pairs are arran ed at an les with each other and they are the rear axd the sides of the machine. The domes are operatively connected and aie controlled aswill appear more clearly hereinafter n ltshould also be understood that while in the form or" the machine shown for ein ample in the accompanying Idrawin s, pairs of superposedv planes are employe I can also use 'a greater number lor superposed lanes or domes, if so desired. 'llie lower domes are rigid and the upper domes are described in my Patent No. 917,513, dated ownwar y inclined toward l ico April 6, 1909. In the type of iiyingiina-`- planes by iinks which are braced against n movement transversely of the machine.

'adjusting the upper plane, the head resistance well as the angle of lift of the machine can be altered to cause the machine to turn in one direction or the other, and at the same time to cause the machine to travel upward or downward. The modus operandi is similar in the present case.

The provision of the downwardly concave planes or domes results in a machine which is steadier in flight and less sensitive to the elect of irregular currents of air th n a machine in which the surfaces are p ane. has been demonstrated that arched surfaces are more efficient for aeroplane fiyinn' machines than dat or plane surfaces, and y the provision of doubly arched domes the stability of the flying naachine, I have found, is increased.

Referring more particularly to the drawings, l provide a body or 'vehicle frame consisting of pairs of s aced, longitudinal members 10 ashione from hollow tubing,

wooden rods or any other suitable material and having the forward ends inclined toward each other and terminating in common sleeves or coilars 11. A hollow post 12 is rigidly mounted in the collars 11 and has movably arranged therein a steering rod 13 terminating atthe lower projecting end in a fork 14, between the sides of which is journaled 'a steering and supporting wheel 15. The fork has a crown 16 against which abuis a helical spring 17 arranged upon the rod 1.3 and engaging at the lower collar it the upper projecting end of the rod i3 is a head 18 carrying a cross bar 19 by means oit' which the steering rod 13 can be controlled as will appear hereinafter.'

.it the rear of the body the members 10 are connected by cross members 20. The lower members 10 carry a floor 21 and are connected with the upper corresponding members 10 by posts or uprights 22 which form the body braces. Near the rear of the body is arranged a seat 23 for a passenger. The' seat is securely mounted upon the upper frame members 10 and may be of any rabia form, and is preferably upholf-"th a view to the comfort of the n iront of the seat 23 is a secich has a pivotai connection members 16, so that it can c toi-permit a person to oas-s eeaiai engaging at the upper side of the socket, and against which abuts a head 29 at the upper end of the stern. The latter terminates in a fork 30 having a crown 31. A, supporting wheel 32 is journaled between '7,k the sides of the fork. Braces 38 connect the lower ends of the fork sides and the lower frame members 10 of the body. A helical spring 33 is arranged upon the et and engages the crown and the socket. rlhe 75 wheels 15 and 32 may be of any suitable form and are preferably similar to bicycle wheels, being provided with tires 34.

At each side of the body is arranged a lower dome A, consisting inthe form of the machine illustrated for example herewith, of a plurality of circular frames 35 whidh are of different radii, and the radii of which are arranged on a central line or axis, so that the domes have circular rims and are downwardlyv concave. The circular frames 35 are connected by transverse frames 36 and 37. These frames may consist of hollow tubing or any other suitable material adapted for the purpose. T'he frames 36 and 37 intersect at suitablq points and all the frames are brazed or otherwise firmly joined to insure that the structure of the dome is of suitable strength though light in weight. Each of the domes A is rigidly secured to the body of the machine by connecting members 39 and 40. The domes A are cut away at the edges adjacent to the body to provide room for the latter between the domes, asV is shown most clearly in Figs. 2 and 3. 100 Each dome has a suitable surface or covering 41 consisting of fabric, thin sheets o metal or any other material adapted for the purpose, and at the to has cross braces 130 secured to certain of t e frames by bracket sleeves. 131.

Within Aeach dome A., are downwardly eX- tending members 42 inclined toward each other and terminating in a socket 43. #A stem 44 is movably located in the socket and carries a fork,45. A helical spring 46 upon each stem engages the correspon ino' fork and the corresponding socket to hold the stem in a normal position. A wheel 47 having a tire 48, and of any suitable form, is journaled between the Ysides of each fork and serves to support the machine at the sidesA when it is traveling or resting upon the ground. The springs 17, 33 and 46 form cushions for absorbing shocks when y12o the machine is traveling temporarily upon the ground, and resiliently mount the ma chine upon the supportinon wheels.

Above each of the l case of each having its upperand lower ends pivotally connected with the corresponding upper and lower domes. The upper domes B, at the under side have downwardly eX-' tending and converging vmembers 50 terminating in brackets 51 having laterally dis-l posed threaded extensions 52A carrying correspondingly threaded sockets 53. The sockets have substantially central openings 54 and are formed to receive ball-shaped extremities 55 of a cross connection 56. The latter'- consists of av plurality of rods 57 joined bycross pieces 58 and is truss-shaped. The rods 57 converge; toward the ends and are secured together in sockets 59 rigid with the extremities 55 of the member.A By means of the connection 56 the upper domes B are operatively joined and are held against movement away from or toward each other, transversely7 of the machine, while free to move relatlvely to one another in other directions.

The links 49 permit the upper domes vto Swingin a ore and aft direct-ion and at the same time cause the upper domes to be tilted up or down accordingly as they are swung i forward or backward. Thus the upper domes can be simultaneously tilted and moved bodily, and their inclination can be altered as desired. By swinging the upper domes forward, the head .resistance and the lift are increased, while in their swing backward the reverse is the' case. By swingingone or the other of the upper domes forward, the head resistance at the correspond- A ing side of the machine is altered and the machine is thereby caused to turn in one p direction or` the other. The opposite links 49 are connected by1 braces 59a which prevent the links from moving laterally with respect tothe machine, while permitting them to swing freely in a fore and aft direct-ion. The braces include extensible sections consisting preferably of springs4 60 to allow :for slight movements and adjustments of the members incident to the operation oi the machine.

The driver or operator of the flying machine assumes a position in the forward seat 24. ln front ot this seat is located the steering mechanism by means of which the machlne is controlled. rJlhe steering mechanism includes a spindle 61. 4At the opposite side are rigidly mounted grooved/ pulleys or drums 62 held .in place by nuts 63 or the like at the ends of the spindle. Hollow shafts 6d terminating at adjacent ends in bevel gears 65' are arranged loosely upon the spindle and have the gears spaced. Sleeves 66 are positioned upon the hollow shafts between the bevel gears and the drums. p Between the gears 65 the shaft carries a bracket 67 consisting or" similar plates 38 having opppsitely odset or concave portions 69 which,. together, form a hearing opening to receive the spindle. The plates have further odset parts 70 adapted to register to form a socket forthe lower end 71 oi' a steerin post or column '72., .The lates 68 are rigi ly secured together. by olts or rivets 73 or the like. The end 71 of the steering column has a laterally extended n collar 74 which its movably into a correspondingly formed 'part of the socket to hold the column rotatably in'position. A bevel gear 75 is ri id with the steering column and is in mesh with the gears 65. The spindle, the hollowshaft andthe sleeve are journaled upon the upper frame members 10 by means of suitable bearings 76. At the upper end, the steering column has a handwheel 77 by means of which it can be manipulated by the operator of the machine.

Above the gear 75 the shaft carries a rigid pulley or drum 78 which is grooved to receive lines 79. The latter are secured at the rim of the wheel by a clip 80 and pass under grooved guide wheels or pulleys 81 to the cross bar 19 of the front or steering wheel. The lines 79 are fastened to slides 82 arranged in openin at the ends of the cross bar, and having ads 83. The slides have springs 84 thereon-which engage the heads 83 and the cross bar to edect a resilient connection between the lines 79 and the cross bar. Oneof the lines passes through an openin in an abutment 85 and carries a stop 86 a apted to engage the abutment to limit the movement of the line in one direction.

At each side of the steering column is positioned a toothedA segment 87 mounted upon a framework 88 extending between the upper members 10 and supported by legs orv column so that the gear 90 is constrained to rotate with the column. lt is adapted to engage the toothed segments and ,is normally held in such engagement by a spring 92. llhe gear 90 has arms 93 secured at the ends to pulls 9a which are pivotally connected with levers 95. The latter are in turn pivoted upon ears 96 of the steering los columnand serve to displace the gear 90 from enga ement with the se .ents The op'eratorpn the machine can re ease the ear by pulling the levers 95 upward. and w en these are in alinemcnt with the pulls and the arms, or lie adjacent to the steering column, the gear will be held inoperative. By

means of the segments andthe gear; the

steering mechanism can be locked in a plun rality ot positions.

Upon each of the, upper body members i9 the upper and lower sides thereoir spectively, are grooved guide pulleys' 97. Under each of the upper or? these passes line 98 secured the corresponding dnn `endirr bearings 115. 'journaled arotary motor 116 having a `drivj 117 upon which is mounted the eaaiai 62 by means of' a clip 99 orthe like. Each line 98 includes a spring 100 and is fastened to a double pulley 101 which is movable along the member 10. A further'v double pulley 102 i's fixed upon the member 10l and has secured thereto the end of a line 103i This line4 103passes around the double pulloys and under a g .ide pulley 104 carried at the rear of one of the lower domes A. The. line then passes to the front of the correspending vupper dome B and there has two` branches 105 secured respectively near opposl-te sides ofthe upper dome. Each drum 62 has secured thereto a second line 106 which passes under the corresponding lower pulley .j 97 to a double pulley 107. A spring 108l issecured to the double pulley 107 and has thel end remote from the pulley| rigidly supported by an adjustable bracket 1,09 mounted upon the frame member 10 and permitting the tension of the spring 108 to Vbe varied. A second double ulley 110l is rigidly carried upon the mem er 10 and a linev j 111 has an end secured to the member 10 and passes around the double pulleys 107l and 110 to a guide pulley 112 mounted near the front of one of the lower domes A. The' line 111 then passes upward to the rear of the corresponding upper dome B and has there two ranches 113 each secured respectively at one sidefnear the rear ofthe upper dome A. rlhese lines as will appear more clearly hereinafter, contrdl the upper domes.

The body of the machine at the rear, has uprights 114; which terminate at the upper In these bearinos is Iing 'shaft Apropeller 118. Vihile this formfof motor is shown for example in the drawings here` with, needless tosay, any other suitabletype of prime mover can be employed.

Underneath the rear seat 23 is arranged av fuel tank 119 for supplying the motor with fuel, and it is connected with the motor by a pipe 120. An air pump 121 is secured upon one of the uprights and has an eccentrie connection 122 with the shaft 113 so thatthe pump can be operated when the shaft is rotated. The pump is connected by a pipe .123 with the fuel tank and thus serves to place the fuel under. pressure, as in the construction shown a gravity feed is not available.

A wind shield 124 is provided at the front of the machine, and consists of frames 125 euch positioned upon one of the upper body members 10 at the front thereof, whereby the frames are inclined with respect to each other and form a substantially li-shaped shield. The frames have transparentsheets 126 of glass o r other suitable material to protect the driver from wind and moisture. Of course, the shield can be dispensed with if necessary or desirable.

time for turning the front or steering wheel in one direction or the other and for adjusting the upper domes sothat they can be employed for steering the machine when the 'Same is traveling on the ground and when 'it is traveling in the air. By turning the 'steering column in one direction, the drum Z7 8 is actuated to turn the steering wheel in fa corresponding direction through the 4agency of the lines 86. `At the same time -the gearturns the gears 65 in opposite 'directions to rotate the drums (i2-in corresponding opposite directions. The movement of the drums 62 is transmitted to the lines 98 and 106 respectively and these in .turn actuate thedouble pulleys 101 and 107. Y, Owing to the provision of the double 4line 106 is multiplied when transmitted to the lines 103 and 111 respectively. A movement f the double pulley 101 toward the steering mechanism pulls upon thel line 103 Vto swing the corresponding upper domes backward, at the same time tilting them downward. This movement is eifected against the resistance of the spring 108. An opposite movement of the drum would permit the spring- 108 to swing the .corresponding upper The simultaneous tilting and bodily movement of the upper dome is due to the provision of the links, as can be easily seen.

By turning the steering column in one direction or the other the drums 62 are oppositely turned, through the gears, so that as one ofthe upper domes is turned forward and tilted up, the other upper dome is moved backward and tilted down. By thus changing the inclinations of the upper domes, the head lifts at the sides of the machine are altered, causing the machine to swing in one direction or the other, whereby it can be maneuvered in the air. The springs 100 take up any slack in the lines and tend to maintain the same taut. The springs 108 serve to hold the upper domes in normal position and tend to 'swing the upper domes forward and to tilt them upward. The cross connection 56the ends of which form ball and socket joints with the brackets 51, permit the upper domes to move in foreand aft directions, and to tilt with respect to each other.

If it is desired to cause the machine to rise or descend. it is necessary to vary the inclination of the upper domes7 equally, To accomplish this purpose the levers 95 are swung back to withdraw the gear member 90 from engagement with the seginmit S7 so that the steering column can be moved backward or forward pivotally about the spindle; Through the engagement ot the 75 with the gears 65 a movenent.

steering columns rotates both the 1 dome forward, and to tilt it upward.`

5 l The steering mechanism serves at the same I .pulleys a movement of theline 'as or of the 4 Vthe machine.

sealer the same direction and consequently both upper domes are similarly adjusted. A swinging movement of this kind, of the steermg column does not affect the front or Steering wheel for land travel, as the radius of swing of the drum 78 is substantially centered at the pulleys 8l. Any slight differences tending to pull upon or loosen the lines 7 9 are taken upby the spring 84:.

Having thus described my invention, I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent:

l. In a flyingmachine pairs of superposed domes arranged si e by side, corres onding domes of said pairs bein at ang es with each other, whereby sai domes are inclined downward 2. In a flying machine, pairs of superposed domes arranged-side by side, corresponding domes of said pairs being at angles with each other, whereby said domes are inclined downward toward the sides of the machine, and whereby said domes are inclined downward toward the rear of the machine, and a car positioned between said lower domes of said pairs. j

3. In a liying machine, pairs` of superposed planes arranged side by side, corresponding planes of said pairs being at angles with each other, whereby said planes are inclined downwardtoward the sides of the machine.

4. In a flying machine, pairs of superposed supporting surfaces arranged side by side, corresponding surfaces of said pairs being at angles with each other, whereby said surfaces are inclined downward toward the sides of the machine, and whereby said surfaces are inclined rdownward toward the rear of the machine.

5. In a flying machine, adjustable supporting surfaces. l adjustable controlling lines, and connections between said surfaces and said lines, whereby the movements of said lines are multiplied when transmitted to said surfaces to adjust the same.

6. In a flying machine, a plurality of superposed domes, the upper of said domes being adjustable, a controlling line, steering mechanism for operating said line, a multiplying pulley controlled by said line, and aY further line connecting said adjustable dome and said pulley.

7. In a flying machine, a plurality of superposed domes, one of said domes being adjustable to guide the machine, a line controlling said adjustable dome, and steering mechanism for operating said line.

8. In a flying machine, a plurality of superposed domes, one of said domes being adjustable to guide the machine, a resiliently extensible line controlling said adjustable dome, steering mechanism for operating said line, and resilient means tendtoward the sides of ing to hold said adjustable dome in a normal position.

9. In' a dying machine, an adjustable sup-- porting surface, an adjustable steering wheel, and steering mechanism for simultaneously controlling said surface and said wheel,- said` mechanism being adjustable whereby said surface can be controlled independently of said wheel.

y10. In a ying machine, an adjustable supporting surface, a steering wheel, a steering post, and means connecting said post, said surface and said wheel, whereby a rotary. movement of said post adjusts both said surface and said wheel, and whereby a swinging movement of said post adjusts said surface alone.

1'1. In a dying machine, an adjustable supporting surface, a steering wheel, a steer! ing post arranged to be operated pivotally and to-be operated-rotatably, and lines connecting said ost with said surface and said wheel, where a rotary movement of said post adjusts oth said' surface and said wheel, and whereby a pivotal movement of said post adjusts said surface alone.

l2. In a ying machine, a plurality of superposed sujporting surfaces, certain of said surfaces eing independently adjustable, a steering wheel, a steering post, lines connecting said steering post with said wheel and -said adjustable surfaces, and springs tendingto hold said adjustable surfaces in normal positions, said steering post being rotatable and being movable about' an axis transverse of its length, whereby a rotary movement of said post simultaneously adjusts said adjustable planes in opposite directions and said wheel, and whereby a Swingin movement of said post adjusts said planes a one and in the same direction.

13. In afiying machine, adjustable supporting surfaces, steerin mechanism comprising relatively movab e parts, a steering- `means for multiplying the movements of saidv parts.

11,1. In a flying machine, adjustable sup porting surfaces, steering mechanism comprising relatively movable parts, a steering .post having a plurality of movements and' controlling said parts, whereby a rotary movement 'of said steering post operates said parts in opposite directions, and whereby a swinging movement of said post operates said parts in the same direction, lines operatively. connecting each of said parts and one of said surfaces, means carried by said fpestlor locking the same against-a free swinging movement, and means for releasing the same whereby said post can be freely swung. '15. Inra ymgimachlnaadyustablesupporting surfaces,- steering mechanism comprisingpreletively.movable parts, a steeringposthavinga plurality-of movements and- "controlling said arts, whereby a rotary movement of said tearing post operates said.l

parts in opposite directions, and wherebya swingingimovement offsaidflpost operates said parte in the same directiomlines operatively connecting each *of said 4parts and onev la of said surfaces, a toothedV member,A afgaan slidable upon saidvpost and adapted to .enLI gage said toothed member to hold `said-post` arranged-to swing, a gear ri 'd with said steering post and 1n mesh'wit each #of "saidA gears vof said shafts, 4.lines controlled by said shafts and each controlling one of said sur faces, a steering wheel, a 'line controlled by;

said steeringcpost--and serving to operate said steering wheel, a notched segment,4 and a member slidableon said steering lpostvand adapted to engage said segment-to hold-saidv steering post against a .free swinging -movement, said member beingdisplaceable intol an inoperative position.

17. In a flying machine, relatively adjust able supportin gear at one end, a bracket rotatably mounted upon said spindle and having a socket, a steeringV post rotatably mounted in said socket, whereby said steering post is free to swing about said spindle, a gear rigid with said steering post and in mesh with said gears of said shafts, a drum rigid with said post, a steering Wheel, lines connecting said drum and said steerin wheel, whereby a rotary movement of said post adjusts said steering wheel, drums, each rigid with one of said shafts, linescontrolled by said drums, multiplying -pulleys controlled by said lines, and further lines, each controlling one of said surfaces and each passing aroundcertain Aof said multiplying'pulleys, said rst lines having resilient means for taking up slack, certain of said pulleys having resilient means tending to hold them in normal positions.

18. Ina flying machine, relatively adjustable supporting surfaces, a spindle, shafts loose upon'said s indle and each having a gear at one end, a racket rotatably mounted upon said spindle and having a socket, a 5 steering post rotatably mounted in said surfaces, a spindle, shafts loose upon -sai spindles and each having asocket, whereby said steering 'swing'about said spindle, a gear rlgi said steeringfpost and in mesh with gears of said shafts,a drum rigid with post, alsteering wheel, lines connectin" s fg drum' andsaidsteering wheel, where rots-,ry movement of said post adjusts steeringwheel, drums, each'rigid w of said shafts5-lines controlled by said d multiplying pulleys controlled by said further lines, each` controlling-one surfaces, and each passing around of said multiplying pulleys, said l having resilient means for taking certain of said) pulleys having means tendingfto hold them in normar sit-ions, a toothed segment, a gear slidane upon said post and adapted to engage said segment to holdsaidpoSt-against a swine@ ingmovement, avspring normally fore said last-mentioned gear into engage with said-segment, and a lever whereby gear can be displaced against the tension effi said spring.

19. In a flying machine, relatively .adinet is abledolnes each `having a bracket prese ntsoeket, and a connecting member hay g an -end -in'feachof said sockets, whereby sai-d. member has a universal joint connection-- with 'eachl of said domes.

20.' Steering` mechanism, comprising `a shaft, relativel movable sleeves upon said shaft and each having a gear rigid there with," guiding means Jfor the machine, controllingmeans for said guiding means, said controlling means being operable by said sleeves, and a steering post mounted upon. said shaftbetween said sleeves and arranged to rotate andfto swing, and having a gear in mesh with each of said gears of said shaft.

21. In a flying machine, a plurality of superposed domes resiliently braced transversely, said domes being substantially ef the form of spherical segments.

22. In a flying machine, an adjustable suriii ace,"adjustable lines controlling said surface, andconnections between said surface and said lines whereby the movements et said lines are multiplied when transmitted to said surface to adjust the same.

23. In a flying machine, an adjustable sun face, a controlling line, steering mechanism for operating said line, a multiplying pulley controlled by said line, and a further line connecting said adjustable surface and Y said pulley.

24. In a flying machine, an adjustablesurn face, lines controlling said surface, and con@ nections between said surface and said lines whereby the movements of .said lines are multiplied when transmitted to said surface, said lines being resiliently extensible.

25. In a flying machine, an adjustable surface, lines controlling said surface, connections between saidsurface and said lines ing said upper surfaces surfaces, sai connecting corres ndmg surfaces of each -1 whereby movements of said 'lines are multi-v plied when transmitted 'to said surface, and means for balancing strains upon said lines. 26. In a flying machine, a air of adjacent surfaces, asecond air of a jacent surfaces arranged above sai first pair, links connectand said correspondmg lower surfaces, and a flexible 4connection between said supper surfaces.

l27. In a flying machine, pairs .of similar pairs being superposed,. links of said pairs, a exible connection between the upper of seidsurfaces, a steering mechanism, 'and lines connecting said steering 'mechanism and said upper surfaces, whereby be simultaneously said upper surfaces can tilted .and moved bodily with respect to said lower surfaces, in opposite directions, and

in the lsame direction.

28. In a flying machine, a surface, and

pivoted links supporting said surface, said links being of different lengths.

. 29. In a iiying machine,

a frame, links `in l part comprising said frame, said links being 25 of different lengths and beingv all pivotally mounted.

' In. testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesses. v

MALCOLM GROVER ADAMS.

j Witnesses: y

LEILA L. WILSON,

SWATsznL. 

